Repository of Archaeology - User contributions [en]

Main Page

2025-12-13T00:37:45Z

Maddie:

Our website is the Repository of Archaeology. We have created this website to act as a central hub, or a repository of information, with lots of sources, and features. This is necessary because many of the sources archaeologists use are not digitalized, so it makes it harder to find them. This is why we created ROA, a platform where archeologists can add information, communicate with other vetted archaeologists, and access tools such as an A.I. chatbot. Our website strives to be a reliable, unbiased, accurate source for archaeologist all around the world.

== [[Research Sources|<big>'''Research Sources'''</big>]] ==

==== [[Primary Sources]] ====

==== [[Secondary Sources]] ====

== [[Happening Now|<big>'''Happening Now'''</big>]] ==
<blockquote>[[A page for archeologists to collaborate on their current projects. It also provides a forum for archeologists to share their discoveries and updates about their project with the public, who in turn can use links to donate to those projects.]]</blockquote>

== '''[[Discussion forum|<big>Discussion Forum</big>]]''' ==

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== [[Special:Categories|Categories]] ==

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Main Page

2025-12-13T00:37:28Z

Maddie:

Our website is the Repository of Archaeology. We have created this website to act as a central hub, or a repository of information, with lots of sources, and features. This is necessary because many of the sources archaeologists use are not digitalized, so it makes it harder to find them. This is why we created ROA, a platform where archeologists can add information, communicate with other vetted archaeologists, and access tools such as an A.I. chatbot. Our website strives to be a reliable, unbiased, accurate source for archaeologist all around the world.

== [[Research Sources|<big>'''Research Sources'''</big>]] ==

==== [[Primary Sources]] ====

==== [[Secondary Sources]] ====

== [[Happening Now|<big>'''Happening Now'''</big>]] ==
<blockquote>[[A page for archeologists to collaborate on their current projects. It also provides a forum for archeologists to share their discoveries and updates about their project with the public, who in turn can use links to donate to those projects.]]</blockquote>

== '''[[Discussion forum|<big>Discussion Forum</big>]]''' ==

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[[Special:Categories|Categories]]

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Main Page

2025-12-13T00:36:38Z

Maddie: /* Discussion forum */

Our website is the Repository of Archaeology. We have created this website to act as a central hub, or a repository of information, with lots of sources, and features. This is necessary because many of the sources archaeologists use are not digitalized, so it makes it harder to find them. This is why we created ROA, a platform where archeologists can add information, communicate with other vetted archaeologists, and access tools such as an A.I. chatbot. Our website strives to be a reliable, unbiased, accurate source for archaeologist all around the world.

== [[Research Sources|<big>'''Research Sources'''</big>]] ==

==== [[Primary Sources]] ====

==== [[Secondary Sources]] ====

== [[Happening Now|<big>'''Happening Now'''</big>]] ==
<blockquote>[[A page for archeologists to collaborate on their current projects. It also provides a forum for archeologists to share their discoveries and updates about their project with the public, who in turn can use links to donate to those projects.]]</blockquote>

== '''[[Discussion forum|<big>Discussion Forum</big>]]''' ==

== [[How to edit?]] ==
[[Special:Categories|Research Sources]]

== Getting started ==
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Main Page

2025-12-13T00:36:19Z

Maddie:

Our website is the Repository of Archaeology. We have created this website to act as a central hub, or a repository of information, with lots of sources, and features. This is necessary because many of the sources archaeologists use are not digitalized, so it makes it harder to find them. This is why we created ROA, a platform where archeologists can add information, communicate with other vetted archaeologists, and access tools such as an A.I. chatbot. Our website strives to be a reliable, unbiased, accurate source for archaeologist all around the world.

== [[Research Sources|<big>'''Research Sources'''</big>]] ==

==== [[Primary Sources]] ====

==== [[Secondary Sources]] ====

== [[Happening Now|<big>'''Happening Now'''</big>]] ==
<blockquote>[[A page for archeologists to collaborate on their current projects. It also provides a forum for archeologists to share their discoveries and updates about their project with the public, who in turn can use links to donate to those projects.]]</blockquote>

== '''[[Discussion forum|<big>Discussion forum</big>]]''' ==

== [[How to edit?]] ==
[[Special:Categories|Research Sources]]

== Getting started ==
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Main Page

2025-12-13T00:35:10Z

Maddie:

Our website is the Repository of Archaeology. We have created this website to act as a central hub, or a repository of information, with lots of sources, and features. This is necessary because many of the sources archaeologists use are not digitalized, so it makes it harder to find them. This is why we created ROA, a platform where archeologists can add information, communicate with other vetted archaeologists, and access tools such as an A.I. chatbot. Our website strives to be a reliable, unbiased, accurate source for archaeologist all around the world.

== [[Research Sources|<big>'''Research Sources'''</big>]] ==

==== [[Primary Sources]] ====

==== [[Secondary Sources]] ====

== [[Happening Now|<big>'''Happening Now'''</big>]] ==
<blockquote>[[A page for archeologists to collaborate on their current projects. It also provides a forum for archeologists to share their discoveries and updates about their project with the public, who in turn can use links to donate to those projects.]]</blockquote>

== '''[[Discussion forum|<big>Discussion forum</big>]]''' ==

[[Artifact Storage]] - Discussion of challenges and solutions for artifact storage.

[[Obsolete Media]] - Discussion of challenges related to obsolete media sources, and searching for colleagues who have access to a needed device.

[[Source Search]] - Find colleagues who have access to the sources you need.

== [[How to edit?]] ==
[[Special:Categories|Research Sources]]

== Getting started ==
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Discussion forum

2025-12-13T00:34:53Z

Maddie:

[[Artifact Storage]] - Discussion of challenges and solutions for artifact storage.

[[Obsolete Media]] - Discussion of challenges related to obsolete media sources, and searching for colleagues who have access to a needed device.

[[Source Search]] - Find colleagues who have access to the sources you need.

Main Page

2025-12-13T00:34:12Z

Maddie:

Our website is the Repository of Archaeology. We have created this website to act as a central hub, or a repository of information, with lots of sources, and features. This is necessary because many of the sources archaeologists use are not digitalized, so it makes it harder to find them. This is why we created ROA, a platform where archeologists can add information, communicate with other vetted archaeologists, and access tools such as an A.I. chatbot. Our website strives to be a reliable, unbiased, accurate source for archaeologist all around the world.

== [[Research Sources|<big>'''Research Sources'''</big>]] ==

==== [[Primary Sources]] ====

==== [[Secondary Sources]] ====

== [[Happening Now|<big>'''Happening Now'''</big>]] ==
<blockquote>[[A page for archeologists to collaborate on their current projects. It also provides a forum for archeologists to share their discoveries and updates about their project with the public, who in turn can use links to donate to those projects.]]</blockquote>

== '''[[Discussion forum|<big>Discussion forum</big>]]''' ==

== [[How to edit?]] ==
[[Special:Categories|Research Sources]]

== Getting started ==
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
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Main Page

2025-12-13T00:33:38Z

Maddie:

Our website is the Repository of Archaeology. We have created this website to act as a central hub, or a repository of information, with lots of sources, and features. This is necessary because many of the sources archaeologists use are not digitalized, so it makes it harder to find them. This is why we created ROA, a platform where archeologists can add information, communicate with other vetted archaeologists, and access tools such as an A.I. chatbot. Our website strives to be a reliable, unbiased, accurate source for archaeologist all around the world.

== [[Research Sources|<big>'''Research Sources'''</big>]] ==

==== [[Primary Sources]] ====

==== [[Secondary Sources]] ====

== [[Happening Now|<big>'''Happening Now'''</big>]] ==
<blockquote>[[A page for archeologists to collaborate on their current projects. It also provides a forum for archeologists to share their discoveries and updates about their project with the public, who in turn can use links to donate to those projects.]]</blockquote>

== '''[[Discussion forum|<big>Discussion forum</big>]]''' ==
[[How to edit?]]

[[Special:Categories|Research Sources]]

== Getting started ==
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Main Page

2025-12-13T00:32:42Z

Maddie:

Our website is the Repository of Archaeology. We have created this website to act as a central hub, or a repository of information, with lots of sources, and features. This is necessary because many of the sources archaeologists use are not digitalized, so it makes it harder to find them. This is why we created ROA, a platform where archeologists can add information, communicate with other vetted archaeologists, and access tools such as an A.I. chatbot. Our website strives to be a reliable, unbiased, accurate source for archaeologist all around the world.

== [[Research Sources|<big>'''Research Sources'''</big>]] ==

==== [[Primary Sources]] ====

==== [[Secondary Sources]] ====

== [[Happening Now|<big>'''Happening Now'''</big>]] ==

[[A page for archeologists to collaborate on their current projects. It also provides a forum for archeologists to share their discoveries and updates about their project with the public, who in turn can use links to donate to those projects.]]

== '''[[Discussion forum|<big>Discussion forum</big>]]''' ==
[[How to edit?]]

[[Special:Categories|Research Sources]]

== Getting started ==
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Main Page

2025-12-13T00:32:28Z

Maddie:

Our website is the Repository of Archaeology. We have created this website to act as a central hub, or a repository of information, with lots of sources, and features. This is necessary because many of the sources archaeologists use are not digitalized, so it makes it harder to find them. This is why we created ROA, a platform where archeologists can add information, communicate with other vetted archaeologists, and access tools such as an A.I. chatbot. Our website strives to be a reliable, unbiased, accurate source for archaeologist all around the world.

== [[Research Sources|<big>'''Research Sources'''</big>]] ==

==== [[Primary Sources]] ====

==== [[Secondary Sources]] ====

== [[Happening Now|<big>'''Happening Now'''</big>]] ==

[[A page is for archeologists to collaborate on their current projects. It also provides a forum for archeologists to share their discoveries and updates about their project with the public, who in turn can use links to donate to those projects.]]

== '''[[Discussion forum|<big>Discussion forum</big>]]''' ==
[[How to edit?]]

[[Special:Categories|Research Sources]]

== Getting started ==
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
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Main Page

2025-12-13T00:31:35Z

Maddie:

Our website is the Repository of Archaeology. We have created this website to act as a central hub, or a repository of information, with lots of sources, and features. This is necessary because many of the sources archaeologists use are not digitalized, so it makes it harder to find them. This is why we created ROA, a platform where archeologists can add information, communicate with other vetted archaeologists, and access tools such as an A.I. chatbot. Our website strives to be a reliable, unbiased, accurate source for archaeologist all around the world.

== [[Research Sources|<big>'''Research Sources'''</big>]] ==

==== [[Primary Sources]] ====

==== [[Secondary Sources]] ====

== [[Happening Now|<big>'''Happening Now'''</big>]] ==

== '''[[Discussion forum|<big>Discussion forum</big>]]''' ==
[[How to edit?]]

[[Special:Categories|Research Sources]]

== Getting started ==
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
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Main Page

2025-12-13T00:30:24Z

Maddie:

Our website is the Repository of Archaeology. We have created this website to act as a central hub, or a repository of information, with lots of sources, and features. This is necessary because many of the sources archaeologists use are not digitalized, so it makes it harder to find them. This is why we created ROA, a platform where archeologists can add information, communicate with other vetted archaeologists, and access tools such as an A.I. chatbot. Our website strives to be a reliable, unbiased, accurate source for archaeologist all around the world.

== [[Research Sources|<big>'''Research Sources'''</big>]] ==

[[Primary Sources]]

[[Secondary Sources]]

== [[Happening Now|<big>'''Happening Now'''</big>]] ==

== '''[[Discussion forum|<big>Discussion forum</big>]]''' ==
[[How to edit?]]

[[Special:Categories|Research Sources]]

== Getting started ==
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
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Main Page

2025-12-13T00:28:34Z

Maddie:

Main Page

2025-12-12T23:00:54Z

Maddie:

Primary Sources

2025-12-12T22:55:57Z

Maddie:

[[File:17850208 img.jpg|thumb|Diary of Martha Ballard, Feb. 8-20, 1785. [https://dohistory.org/diary/1785/02/17850208_img.html Source:https://dohistory.org/diary/1785/02/17850208_img.html]]

[[Aztec Empire]]

[[Colonial America]]

[[Founding of the U.S.]]

Primary Sources

2025-12-12T22:55:42Z

Maddie:

[[File:17850208 img.jpg|thumb|Diary of Martha Ballard, Feb. 8-20, 1785. [https://dohistory.org/diary/1785/02/17850208_img.html Source:https://dohistory.org/diary/1785/02/17850208_img.html]]]
[[Aztec Empire]

[[Colonial America]]

[[Founding of the U.S.]]

Primary Sources

2025-12-12T22:52:28Z

Maddie:

[[File:17850208 img.jpg|thumb|Diary of Martha Ballard, Feb. 8-20, 1785. [https://dohistory.org/diary/1785/02/17850208_img.html Source:https://dohistory.org/diary/1785/02/17850208_img.html]]]
[[Aztec Empire Primary]]

[[Founding of the U.S.|Founding of the U.S. Primary]]

File:17850208 img.jpg

2025-12-12T22:49:44Z

Maddie:

Diary of Martha Ballard
February 18-20, 1785

Research Sources

2025-12-12T22:46:13Z

Maddie: Created page with "Primary Sources Secondary Sources"

[[Primary Sources]]

[[Secondary Sources]]

Main Page

2025-12-12T22:45:25Z

Maddie:

Main Page

2025-12-12T22:41:52Z

Maddie:

Discussion forum

2025-12-10T22:07:12Z

Maddie:

[[Obsolete Media]] - Discussion of challenges related to obsolete media sources, and searching for colleagues who have access to a needed device.

[[Source Search]] - Find colleagues who have access to the sources you need.

[[Artifact Storage]] - Discussion of challenges and solutions for artifact storage.

Discussion forum

2025-12-10T22:06:55Z

Maddie:

Main Page

2025-12-07T20:57:27Z

Maddie:

Repository of Archaeology:About

2025-12-07T20:57:08Z

Maddie: Created blank page

Aztec Empire Secondary

2025-12-07T20:53:01Z

Maddie:

[https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Tenochtitlan Britannica - Battle of Tenochtitlán]

[https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/aztec-empire.html WorldAtlas - Aztec Empire]

[[Category:Mexico]]
[[Category:Secondary Sources]]
[[Category:Aztec Empire]]
[[Category:North America]]

Category:Secondary Sources

2025-12-07T20:50:06Z

Maddie: Created blank page

Secondary Sources

2025-12-07T20:49:54Z

Maddie:

[[Aztec Empire Secondary]]

[[Founding of the U.S. Secondary]]

[[Category:Founding of the U.S.]]
[[Category:Secondary Sources]]
[[Category:North America]]
[[Category:United States]]

Founding of the U.S. Primary

2025-12-07T20:46:38Z

Maddie:

[https://waurikanewsjournal.com/freedom-the-declaration-and-the-press/ Boston Gazette - Monday, April 10, 2025]

[https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/bill-of-rights-transcript National Archives - Bill of Rights]

[[Category:United States]]
[[Category:North America]]
[[Category:Primary Sources]]
[[Category:Founding of the U.S.]]

Founding of the U.S. Primary

2025-12-07T20:41:04Z

Maddie: Created blank page

Category:Founding of the U.S.

2025-12-07T20:38:13Z

Maddie: Created blank page

Coatlicue Statue

2025-12-07T20:34:05Z

Maddie:

The Coatlicue statue is one of the most famous surviving Aztec sculptures. It is a 2.52 metre (8.3 ft) tall andesite statue by an unidentified Mexica artist. Although there are many debates about what or who the statue represents, it is usually identified as the Aztec deity Coatlicue ("Snakes-Her-Skirt"). It is currently located in the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City. Originally displayed in the Mexica city of Tenochtitlan, the monumental statue was buried after the 1521 Spanish conquest of the city, and it was excavated roughly 270 years later in 1790.[[File:Coatlicue Statue.png|thumb|left]]

The statue was possibly completed in 1439 or 1491, although these dates are contested. Like many Aztec statues, it is carved in the round. Notably, it is also carved on its base with an image of the deity Tlaltecuhtli ("earth-lord"), despite the fact that the base would always be hidden from view. Similar statues and statuary fragments were discovered in the 20th century, leading scholars to debate the meaning of these works and their significance within the culture and ceremonies of the Aztec Empire.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coatlicue_statue

This engraving depicts a monolithic sculpture of one of the most famous Aztec deities, Coatlicue, shortly after its rediscovery in Mexico City in 1790. In an attempt to “document” and describe the Coatlicue faithfully, this image by Antonio León y Gama emphasizes iconographic detail and sculptural relief.

https://vistasgallery.ace.fordham.edu/items/show/1682

''The Coatlicue Statue'' is an Aztec Basalt Sculpture created in 1500. It lives at the National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City in Mexico.

https://www.arthistoryproject.com/timeline/middle-ages/the-aztecs/the-coatlicue-statue/

Coatlicue Statue

2025-12-07T20:33:49Z

Maddie:

Coatlicue Statue

2025-12-07T20:33:22Z

Maddie:

Aztec Empire Primary

2025-12-07T20:19:09Z

Maddie:

[[Coatlicue Statue]]

[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Double_headed_turquoise_serpentAztecbritish_museum.jpg Double-Headed Serpent]

[[Category:Mexico]]
[[Category:Primary Sources]]
[[Category:Aztec Empire]]
[[Category:North America]]

Coatlicue Statue

2025-12-06T22:40:10Z

Maddie:

Coatlicue Statue

2025-12-06T22:39:20Z

Maddie:

Coatlicue Statue

2025-12-06T22:38:10Z

Maddie:

The '''Coatlicue statue''' is one of the most famous surviving Aztec sculptures. It is a 2.52 metre (8.3 ft) tall andesite statue by an unidentified Mexica artist. Although there are many debates about what or who the statue represents, it is usually identified as the Aztec deity Coatlicue ("Snakes-Her-Skirt"). It is currently located in the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City. Originally displayed in the Mexica city of Tenochtitlan, the monumental statue was buried after the 1521 Spanish conquest of the city, and it was excavated roughly 270 years later in 1790.[[File:Coatlicue Statue.png|thumb]]

The statue was possibly completed in 1439 or 1491, although these dates are contested. Like many Aztec statues, it is carved in the round. Notably, it is also carved on its base with an image of the deity Tlaltecuhtli ("earth-lord"), despite the fact that the base would always be hidden from view. Similar statues and statuary fragments were discovered in the 20th century, leading scholars to debate the meaning of these works and their significance within the culture and ceremonies of the Aztec Empire.

Coatlicue Statue

2025-12-06T22:38:00Z

Maddie:

The '''Coatlicue statue''' is one of the most famous surviving Aztec sculptures. It is a 2.52 metre (8.3 ft) tall andesite statue by an unidentified Mexica artist. Although there are many debates about what or who the statue represents, it is usually identified as the Aztec deity Coatlicue ("Snakes-Her-Skirt"). It is currently located in the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City. Originally displayed in the Mexica city of Tenochtitlan, the monumental statue was buried after the 1521 Spanish conquest of the city, and it was excavated roughly 270 years later in 1790.

The statue was possibly completed in 1439 or 1491, although these dates are contested. Like many Aztec statues, it is carved in the round. Notably, it is also carved on its base with an image of the deity Tlaltecuhtli ("earth-lord"), despite the fact that the base would always be hidden from view. Similar statues and statuary fragments were discovered in the 20th century, leading scholars to debate the meaning of these works and their significance within the culture and ceremonies of the Aztec Empire.[[File:Coatlicue Statue.png|thumb]]

Coatlicue Statue

2025-12-06T22:37:20Z

Maddie: Replaced content with "thumb"

[[File:Coatlicue Statue.png|thumb]]

Coatlicue Statue

2025-12-06T22:37:03Z

Maddie:

[[File:Coatlicue Statue.png|thumb]]

The '''Coatlicue statue''' is one of the most famous surviving Aztec sculptures. It is a 2.52 metre (8.3 ft) tall [[andesite]] statue by an unidentified [[Mexica]] artist.<ref name=":1" /> Although there are many debates about what or who the statue represents, it is usually identified as the [[Aztec]] deity [[Coatlicue]] ("Snakes-Her-Skirt").<ref name=":2" /> It is currently located in the [[National Museum of Anthropology (Mexico)|National Museum of Anthropology]] in [[Mexico City]]. Originally displayed in the Mexica city of [[Tenochtitlan]], the monumental statue was buried after the 1521 Spanish conquest of the city, and it was excavated roughly 270 years later in 1790.<ref name=":0" />

The statue was possibly completed in 1439 or 1491, although these dates are contested. Like many Aztec statues, it is carved in the round. Notably, it is also carved on its base with an image of the deity [[Tlaltecuhtli]] ("earth-lord"), despite the fact that the base would always be hidden from view. Similar statues and statuary fragments were discovered in the 20th century, leading scholars to debate the meaning of these works and their significance within the culture and ceremonies of the [[Aztec Empire]].<ref name=":1" />

==Burial, excavation and early interpretations==
The Spanish conquest of [[Tenochtitlan]] in 1521 entailed house-to-house fighting between the Spanish, their indigenous allies, and the Aztecs, resulting in the destruction of much of the city. The Spanish invaders ordered the systematic destruction of what was left, including Mexica statues and buildings.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The history of the conquest of New Spain|last=Bernal|first=Díaz del Castillo|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|year=2008|isbn=9780826342874|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> They were particularly vehement about destroying religious objects and books, which the Spanish regarded as Satanic.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordova |first=Ruben C. |date=31 October 2019 |title=Is Day of the Dead More Indigenous or Catholic? Friars Durán and Sahagún vs. Wikipedia |work=Glasstire |url=https://glasstire.com/2019/10/31/is-day-of-the-dead-more-indigenous-or-catholic-friars-duran-and-sahagun-vs-wikipedia/}}</ref> The Coatlicue statue no doubt occupied a prominent position in Tenochtitlan. It is uncertain why it survived destruction and why it remains incredibly well-preserved, because fragments of similar statues are evidence of widespread destruction of such cult objects. Possibly, upon being ordered to destroy the work, the Mexica people instead buried it below the water table.

The Coatlicue statue was excavated in the main plaza of [[Mexico City]] in front of the National Palace on 13 August 1790 during the excavation of a water canal. A few months later, on 17 December 1790, the [[Aztec sun stone|sun stone]] (also known as the "calendar stone") was found about 100 feet away. The momentous discovery of these two statues, along with the 1791 excavation of the [[Stone of Tizoc|Tizoc Stone]], initiated a new phase of research on the Templo Mayor as contemporary scholars attempted to interpret their dense symbolism and decipher their meanings.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|title=The Aztec Templo Mayor: A Symposium at Dumbarton Oaks, 8th and 9th October 1983|author=Boone, Elizabeth Hill|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection|year=1987|isbn=0-88402-149-1|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/aztectemplomayor0098unse/page/19 19–30]|chapter=Templo Mayor Research, 1521–1978|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/aztectemplomayor0098unse/page/19}}</ref>[[File:Ancient mexico teoyamiqui.jpg|frame|Bullock's cast of "Teoyamiqui", on display in London in 1824.|alt=|left]]

The first known scholar to study the statue after its excavation was [[Antonio de León y Gama]], who identified the god depicted as "Teoyaomiqui", the deity of death and sacred war.<ref>{{cite book |author=León y Gama, Antonio de |year=1792 |title=Descripción histórica y cronológica de las dos piedras |location=México |publisher=Impr. de Don F. de Zúñiga y Ontiveros}}</ref> The statue was identified as Coatlicue by Mexican archaeologist [[Alfredo Chavero]] in his book ''México á través de los siglos.''<ref name=":0" /> Because of the carvings on the bottom of the statue, Léon y Gama believed the statue had originally been displayed at an angle, raised from the ground and supported by columns. He was incorrect, as the sculpture would have stood on its base. Aztec sculptures are generally carved in the round, despite the fact that all sides would not be visible at once.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Umberger|first=Emily|last2=Hernández Faham|first2=Casandra|date=Spring 2017|journal=Ancient Mesoamerica|volume=28|pages=14|doi=10.1017/S0956536116000419|title=Matlatzinco Before the Aztecs: José García Payón and the Sculptural Corpus of Calixtlahuaca}}</ref>

In 1790, the statue had been moved to the National Autonomous University of Mexico to be preserved and studied, but it was soon buried on the orders of the clergy, because its presence resulted in worship, and they did not want to encourage adherence to Aztec religion, which the Spanish had spent centuries attempting to destroy. To prevent this, the statue was buried in the patio of the [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]] where it could not be seen.<ref>{{cite book|title=Curiosity and the Aesthetics of Travel Writing, 1770–1840: From an Antique Land|author=Leask, Nigel|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-19-926930-0|location=Oxford|pages=278, 313|orig-year=2002}}</ref> The statue was disinterred in 1803, so that [[Alexander von Humboldt]] could make drawings and a [[casting|cast]] of it, after which it was reburied. It was again dug up for the final time in 1823, so that [[William Bullock (collector)|William Bullock]] could make another cast, which was displayed the next year in the [[Egyptian Hall]] in [[Piccadilly]], [[London]], as part of Bullock's ''[[Ancient Mexico]]'' exhibition.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Cordova |first=Ruben C. |date=2023 |title=The Mysteries of the Monolithic Aztec Goddess called Coatlicue |url=https://www.prs.org/pv23-cordova-tribes.html |journal=The New Journal of the Philosophical Research Association |volume=2 |pages=3}}</ref> The statue remained on the patio at the university until the first National Museum was established.<ref name=":0" />

==Visual description and iconography==
The densely carved, colossal statue stands 8 feet tall and pitches forward, towering over its viewer and giving the impression that it is advancing forward. The front and back of the statue are bilaterally symmetrical. The annotated drawing below deciphers some of the statue's dense symbolism:
[[File:Annotated Image of Coatlicue Statue.jpg|thumb|This drawing of the Aztec Coatlicue Statue by Antonio de Léon y Gama shows the work from all sides. The annotations help decipher some of the statue's dense symbolism.|alt=|center|1028x1028px]]

==Comparable statues and contemporary debates==
Another statue, called [[Yolotlicue]] ("heart-her-skirt"), was discovered in 1933. Though badly damaged, it is identical to Coatlicue except for having a skirt of hearts instead of snakes. As with the Coatlicue Statue, the bottom of Yolotlicue depicts Tlaltecuhtli and the year 12 Reed is inscribed between its shoulder blades. Two or more fragments of a similar statue or statues also exist, suggesting that these were part of a larger set.<ref>{{cite book |author=Boone, Elizabeth Hill |year=1989 |title=Incarnations of the Aztec Supernatural: The Image of Huitzilopochtli in Mexico and Europe |location=Philadelphia |publisher=The American Philosophical Society |isbn=0-87169-792-0 |pages=47}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Boone|first=Elizabeth|date=1999|title=THE "COATLICUES" AT THE TEMPLO MAYOR|journal=Ancient Mesoamerica|volume=10|issue=2|pages=189–206|doi=10.1017/S0956536199102098}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Reading the statues as part of a larger set, Elizabeth Boone has argued that the statues and fragments commonly identified as Coatlicues are actually [[Tzitzimitl|Tzitzimime]], female deities associated with the stars who would devour humans on earth if the sun were to fail.<ref name=":1" />

The [[Coyolxāuhqui|Coyolxauhqui Stone]] depicts the Aztec deity Coyolxauhqui who was the daughter of Coatlicue. In the usual telling of the myth, she was defeated and dismembered by her brother, the patron deity of the Aztecs, [[Huītzilōpōchtli|Huitzilopochtli]], after she and her brothers had decapitated Coatlicue. The Coyolxauhqui stone was discovered at the base of the Templo Mayor in 1978.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Aztecs.|last=Townsend|first=Richard F.|publisher=Thames & Hudson|year=2009|isbn=978-0-500-28791-0|location=London|pages=149}}</ref> Like the images of Coatlicue and Yolotlicue (whose hands are cut off) in the statues and fragments, Coyolxauhqui is also decapitated and dismembered. Some scholars have related the dismemberment of the Tzitzimime to the dismemberment of Coyolxauhqui. If what is generally referred to as Coatlicue is actually one of the Tzitzimime, then Huitzilopochtli could have saved the human race by decapitating and dismembering them.<ref name=":1" /> Cecelia Klein argues that the Tzitzimime also have a positive role in Aztec myth, and that they are decapitated as a result of sacrificing themselves to put the sun in motion.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Klein|first=Cecelia|date=April 2008|title=A New Interpretation of the Aztec Statue Called Coatlicue, "Snakes-Her-Skirt"|journal=Ethnohistory}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> These debates over the interpretation of the Coatlicue statue continue today.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|[[File:Yolotlicue Statue at the Museo Nacional de Antropologia e Historia Mexico.png|thumb|Statue of Yolotlicue at the [[National Museum of Anthropology (Mexico)|National Museum of Anthropology]]. The statue is identical to the Coatlicue Statue except for the skirt of hearts. |alt=|center]]
|[[File:Fragment of stone statue at the Museo Nacional de Antropologia e Historia Mexico.png|thumb|Fragment of a Coatlicue Statue at the [[National Museum of Anthropology (Mexico)|National Museum of Anthropology]]. Fragments of other Coatlicue Statues show that the Coatlicue Statue in the National Museum of Anthropology is one of a larger set. In this image you can see part of a skirt of braided serpents.<ref name=":2" />|alt=|center]]
|[[File:Fragment of stone statue at the Museo Nacional de Antropologia e Historia Mexico 1.png|thumb|Fragment of a Coatlicue Statue at the [[National Museum of Anthropology (Mexico)|National Museum of Anthropology]]. In this fragment you can see part of a shell-tipped back panel.<ref name=":2" />]]
|[[File:CoyolxauhquiDisk cropped.JPG|thumb|Disk depicting a dismembered [[Coyolxāuhqui]], which was found during construction in 1978 in [[Mexico City]]. Its discovery led to the excavation of the [[Templo Mayor|Huēyi Teōcalli]].]]

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